muse2/input/process/

flow.rs

//! Code for reading process flows file
use super::super::*;
use crate::commodity::{CommodityID, CommodityMap};
use crate::process::{FlowType, ProcessFlow, ProcessFlowsMap, ProcessID, ProcessMap};
use crate::region::{parse_region_str, RegionID};
use crate::units::{FlowPerActivity, MoneyPerFlow};
use crate::year::parse_year_str;
use anyhow::{ensure, Context, Result};
use itertools::iproduct;
use serde::Deserialize;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::path::Path;
use std::rc::Rc;

const PROCESS_FLOWS_FILE_NAME: &str = "process_flows.csv";

type PrimaryOutputsKeys = (ProcessID, RegionID, u32);
type PrimaryOutputsValues = Vec<(CommodityID, Option<bool>)>;
type PrimaryOutputsMap = HashMap<PrimaryOutputsKeys, PrimaryOutputsValues>;

#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Deserialize)]
struct ProcessFlowRaw {
    process_id: String,
    commodity_id: String,
    years: String,
    regions: String,
    coeff: FlowPerActivity,
    #[serde(default)]
    #[serde(rename = "type")]
    kind: FlowType,
    cost: Option<MoneyPerFlow>,
    is_primary_output: Option<bool>,
}

impl ProcessFlowRaw {
    fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> {
        // Check that flow is not infinity, nan, 0 etc.
        ensure!(
            self.coeff.is_normal(),
            "Invalid value for coeff ({})",
            self.coeff
        );

        // **TODO**: https://github.com/EnergySystemsModellingLab/MUSE_2.0/issues/300
        ensure!(
            self.kind == FlowType::Fixed,
            "Commodity flexible assets are not currently supported"
        );

        // Check that flow cost is non-negative
        if let Some(cost) = self.cost {
            ensure!(
                (0.0..f64::INFINITY).contains(&cost.value()),
                "Invalid value for flow cost ({cost}). Must be >=0."
            )
        }

        Ok(())
    }
}

/// Read process flows from a CSV file
pub fn read_process_flows(
    model_dir: &Path,
    processes: &ProcessMap,
    commodities: &CommodityMap,
) -> Result<HashMap<ProcessID, ProcessFlowsMap>> {
    let file_path = model_dir.join(PROCESS_FLOWS_FILE_NAME);
    let process_flow_csv = read_csv(&file_path)?;
    read_process_flows_from_iter(process_flow_csv, processes, commodities)
        .with_context(|| input_err_msg(&file_path))
}

/// Read 'ProcessFlowRaw' records from an iterator and convert them into 'ProcessFlow' records.
fn read_process_flows_from_iter<I>(
    iter: I,
    processes: &ProcessMap,
    commodities: &CommodityMap,
) -> Result<HashMap<ProcessID, ProcessFlowsMap>>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = ProcessFlowRaw>,
{
    let mut flows_map: HashMap<ProcessID, ProcessFlowsMap> = HashMap::new();
    let mut primary_outputs = PrimaryOutputsMap::new();
    for record in iter {
        record.validate()?;

        // Get process
        let (id, process) = processes
            .get_key_value(record.process_id.as_str())
            .with_context(|| format!("Process {} not found", record.process_id))?;

        // Get regions
        let process_regions = &process.regions;
        let record_regions =
            parse_region_str(&record.regions, process_regions).with_context(|| {
                format!("Invalid region for process {id}. Valid regions are {process_regions:?}")
            })?;

        // Get years
        let process_years = &process.years;
        let record_years = parse_year_str(&record.years, process_years).with_context(|| {
            format!("Invalid year for process {id}. Valid years are {process_years:?}")
        })?;

        // Get commodity
        let commodity = commodities
            .get(record.commodity_id.as_str())
            .with_context(|| format!("{} is not a valid commodity ID", &record.commodity_id))?;

        // Create ProcessFlow object
        let process_flow = ProcessFlow {
            commodity: Rc::clone(commodity),
            coeff: record.coeff,
            kind: FlowType::Fixed,
            cost: record.cost.unwrap_or(MoneyPerFlow(0.0)),
            is_primary_output: false, // set to false for now and we'll fix up later
        };

        // Insert flow into the map
        let region_year_map = flows_map.entry(id.clone()).or_default();
        for (year, region_id) in iproduct!(record_years, record_regions.iter()) {
            let flows_map = region_year_map
                .entry((region_id.clone(), year))
                .or_default();
            let existing = flows_map
                .insert(commodity.id.clone(), process_flow.clone())
                .is_some();
            ensure!(
                !existing,
                "Duplicate process flow entry for region {}, year {} and commodity {}",
                region_id,
                year,
                commodity.id
            );

            primary_outputs
                .entry((id.clone(), region_id.clone(), year))
                .or_insert_with(|| Vec::with_capacity(1))
                .push((commodity.id.clone(), record.is_primary_output))
        }
    }

    validate_flows_and_update_primary_output(processes, &mut flows_map, &primary_outputs)?;

    Ok(flows_map)
}

fn validate_flows_and_update_primary_output(
    processes: &ProcessMap,
    flows_map: &mut HashMap<ProcessID, ProcessFlowsMap>,
    primary_outputs: &PrimaryOutputsMap,
) -> Result<()> {
    for (process_id, map) in flows_map.iter_mut() {
        let process = processes.get(process_id).unwrap();
        for (&year, region_id) in iproduct!(process.years.iter(), process.regions.iter()) {
            // Check that the process has flows for this region/year
            let Some(flows) = map.get_mut(&(region_id.clone(), year)) else {
                bail!("Missing entry for process {process_id} in {region_id}/{year}");
            };

            let primary_outputs = primary_outputs
                .get(&(process_id.clone(), region_id.clone(), year))
                .unwrap();

            let inferred_primary_output = validate_or_infer_primary_output(flows, primary_outputs)
                .with_context(|| {
                    format!(
                    "Invalid primary output configuration for process {process_id} (region: {region_id}, year: {year})"
                )
                })?;

            // The primary output was inferred (i.e. there was one output flow which wasn't assigned
            // a value for is_primary_output). Update map.
            if let Some(primary_output) = inferred_primary_output {
                flows.get_mut(&primary_output).unwrap().is_primary_output = true;
            }
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

fn validate_or_infer_primary_output(
    flows_map: &IndexMap<CommodityID, ProcessFlow>,
    primary_outputs: &PrimaryOutputsValues,
) -> Result<Option<CommodityID>> {
    let mut has_primary = false;
    let mut output_flow = None;
    let mut outputs_count = 0;
    for (commodity_id, is_primary_output) in primary_outputs.iter() {
        let is_output = flows_map.get(commodity_id).unwrap().is_output();
        if is_output {
            outputs_count += 1;
        }
        match *is_primary_output {
            Some(true) => {
                ensure!(
                    is_output,
                    "Commodity {commodity_id} cannot be the primary output as it is an input flow"
                );
                ensure!(
                    !has_primary,
                    "Multiple commodities designated as primary outputs"
                );
                has_primary = true;
            }
            None if is_output => {
                output_flow = Some(commodity_id.clone());
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    // If all flows are inputs or user has designated a primary output explicitly, we're done
    if has_primary || outputs_count == 0 {
        return Ok(None);
    }

    ensure!(
        output_flow.is_some(),
        "There are one or more output flows, but is_primary_output is explicitly set to false for these");

    ensure!(
        outputs_count == 1,
        "There is more than one output flow, so one must be explicitly designated as the primary output");

    // We can infer that the one output flow is the primary output
    Ok(output_flow)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::commodity::Commodity;
    use crate::fixture::svd_commodity;

    use rstest::rstest;
    use std::rc::Rc;

    fn flow(commodity: Rc<Commodity>, coeff: f64) -> ProcessFlow {
        ProcessFlow {
            commodity,
            coeff: FlowPerActivity(coeff),
            kind: FlowType::Fixed,
            cost: MoneyPerFlow(0.0),
            is_primary_output: false,
        }
    }

    fn create_process_flow_raw(
        coeff: FlowPerActivity,
        cost: Option<MoneyPerFlow>,
        is_primary_output: Option<bool>,
    ) -> ProcessFlowRaw {
        ProcessFlowRaw {
            process_id: "process".into(),
            commodity_id: "commodity".into(),
            years: "2020".into(),
            regions: "region".into(),
            coeff,
            kind: FlowType::Fixed,
            cost,
            is_primary_output,
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_validate_flow_raw() {
        // Valid
        let valid =
            create_process_flow_raw(FlowPerActivity(1.0), Some(MoneyPerFlow(0.0)), Some(false));
        assert!(valid.validate().is_ok());

        // Invalid: Bad flow value
        let invalid =
            create_process_flow_raw(FlowPerActivity(0.0), Some(MoneyPerFlow(0.0)), Some(false));
        assert!(invalid.validate().is_err());
        let invalid = create_process_flow_raw(
            FlowPerActivity(f64::NAN),
            Some(MoneyPerFlow(0.0)),
            Some(false),
        );
        assert!(invalid.validate().is_err());
        let invalid = create_process_flow_raw(
            FlowPerActivity(f64::INFINITY),
            Some(MoneyPerFlow(0.0)),
            Some(false),
        );
        assert!(invalid.validate().is_err());
        let invalid = create_process_flow_raw(
            FlowPerActivity(f64::NEG_INFINITY),
            Some(MoneyPerFlow(0.0)),
            Some(false),
        );
        assert!(invalid.validate().is_err());

        // Invalid: Bad flow cost value
        let invalid = create_process_flow_raw(
            FlowPerActivity(1.0),
            Some(MoneyPerFlow(f64::NAN)),
            Some(false),
        );
        assert!(invalid.validate().is_err());
        let invalid = create_process_flow_raw(
            FlowPerActivity(1.0),
            Some(MoneyPerFlow(f64::NEG_INFINITY)),
            Some(false),
        );
        assert!(invalid.validate().is_err());
        let invalid = create_process_flow_raw(
            FlowPerActivity(1.0),
            Some(MoneyPerFlow(f64::INFINITY)),
            Some(false),
        );
        assert!(invalid.validate().is_err());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn single_output_explicit_primary(#[from(svd_commodity)] commodity: Commodity) {
        let c1 = Rc::new(commodity);
        let mut flows = IndexMap::new();
        flows.insert("commodity1".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c1), 1.0));
        let primary_outputs = vec![("commodity1".into(), Some(true))];
        let res = validate_or_infer_primary_output(&flows, &primary_outputs).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(res, None);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn multiple_outputs_one_explicit_primary(
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity1: Commodity,
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity2: Commodity,
    ) {
        let c1 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c1".into(),
            ..commodity1
        });
        let c2 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c2".into(),
            ..commodity2
        });
        let mut flows = IndexMap::new();
        flows.insert("c1".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c1), 1.0));
        flows.insert("c2".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c2), 2.0));
        let primary_outputs = vec![("c1".into(), Some(true)), ("c2".into(), None)];
        let res = validate_or_infer_primary_output(&flows, &primary_outputs).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(res, None);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn multiple_outputs_none_explicit_should_error(
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity1: Commodity,
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity2: Commodity,
    ) {
        let c1 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c1".into(),
            ..commodity1
        });
        let c2 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c2".into(),
            ..commodity2
        });
        let mut flows = IndexMap::new();
        flows.insert("c1".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c1), 1.0));
        flows.insert("c2".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c2), 2.0));
        let primary_outputs = vec![("c1".into(), None), ("c2".into(), None)];
        let res = validate_or_infer_primary_output(&flows, &primary_outputs);
        assert!(res.is_err());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn multiple_outputs_all_explicit_false_should_error(
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity1: Commodity,
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity2: Commodity,
    ) {
        let c1 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c1".into(),
            ..commodity1
        });
        let c2 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c2".into(),
            ..commodity2
        });
        let mut flows = IndexMap::new();
        flows.insert("c1".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c1), 1.0));
        flows.insert("c2".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c2), 2.0));
        let primary_outputs = vec![("c1".into(), Some(false)), ("c2".into(), Some(false))];
        let res = validate_or_infer_primary_output(&flows, &primary_outputs);
        assert!(res.is_err());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn all_inputs(
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity1: Commodity,
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity2: Commodity,
    ) {
        let c1 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c1".into(),
            ..commodity1
        });
        let c2 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c2".into(),
            ..commodity2
        });
        let mut flows = IndexMap::new();
        flows.insert("c1".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c1), -1.0));
        flows.insert("c2".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c2), -2.0));
        let primary_outputs = vec![("c1".into(), None), ("c2".into(), None)];
        let res = validate_or_infer_primary_output(&flows, &primary_outputs).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(res, None);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn multiple_outputs_multiple_explicit_primaries_should_error(
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity1: Commodity,
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity2: Commodity,
    ) {
        let c1 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c1".into(),
            ..commodity1
        });
        let c2 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c2".into(),
            ..commodity2
        });
        let mut flows = IndexMap::new();
        flows.insert("c1".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c1), 1.0));
        flows.insert("c2".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c2), 2.0));
        let primary_outputs = vec![("c1".into(), Some(true)), ("c2".into(), Some(true))];
        let res = validate_or_infer_primary_output(&flows, &primary_outputs);
        assert!(res.is_err());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn explicit_primary_on_input_should_error(
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity1: Commodity,
        #[from(svd_commodity)] commodity2: Commodity,
    ) {
        let c1 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c1".into(),
            ..commodity1
        });
        let c2 = Rc::new(Commodity {
            id: "c2".into(),
            ..commodity2
        });
        let mut flows = IndexMap::new();
        flows.insert("c1".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c1), -1.0));
        flows.insert("c2".into(), flow(Rc::clone(&c2), 2.0));
        let primary_outputs = vec![("c1".into(), Some(true)), ("c2".into(), None)];
        let res = validate_or_infer_primary_output(&flows, &primary_outputs);
        assert!(res.is_err());
    }
}